Technologies
11/09/2009 The official launch of the FlashNet portal
10/20/2009 The development of the Flashnet network
09/21/2009 Tampa telecommunication tower - part of a wide-spreading project
WiFi
Wi-Fi is the commercial name for the technologies created on communication standards from IEEE 802.11 family and used to implement local wireless communication networks at the same speeds as Ethernet networks. The support for Wi-Fi is provided by different hardware equipments and almost all modern operating systems for personal computers, routers, mobile phones and the most advanced game consoles.

IEEE 802.11 Standard describes communication protocols at host- network level for TCP/IP model, at physical and data link levels for OSI model. This means that IEE 802.11 implementations should receive protocols packets from the nerwork level (IP) and deal with their transmision, avioding any collisions with other stations wishing to transmit.

802.11 is part of a family of standards for local network comunications developed by IEEE and which includes standands for other kinds of networks, including 802.3 standard for Ethernet.

The development of wireless technology allows us the access to broadband communications (11-108 Mbps) through Wi-Fi standard protocols (based on IEEE 802.11 standards a/b/g). To improve the performance level, unlicensed frequencies of 2.4 GHz could be provided to users and the communication among access points could be done on a frequency of 5GHz, having in mind that in most of the present customer equipments (laptop, PDA, smartphones) Wi-Fi interfaces have low power of radio emission.

802.11a Protocol - ratified by IEEE in September 16th 1999, uses the OFDM modulation type and has a top speed of 54 Mbps with implementations up to 27 Mbps. It operates on ISM band between 5.745 and 5.805 GHz and on UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) band between 5.170 and 5.320 GHz. This makes it incompatible with 802.11b or 802.11g.

802.11b Protocol - ratified by IEEE in September 16th 1999 is the most popular wireless network protocol used nowadays. It uses DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) modulation type. It operates in ISM (Industry, Science, Medicine) frequencies band, licences being unnecessary as long as standardized equipment is used. Its limits: exit power up to 1 watt, and types of modulations only from those having the extension between 2.412 and 2.484 GHz. It has a top speed of 11 Mbps with presently used speeds of about 5 Mbps.

802.11g Protocol - ratified in June 2003 is today's standard protocol for wireless networks, because its implementation is done on every wireless device. It uses the same frequency sub-band, from ISM band, as 802.11b, and the modulation type is OFDM (Orthogonal Frecvency Division Multiplexing). The top speed data transfer is 54 Mbps, with practical implementations at 25 Mbps.



     
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